在機械(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝配過程中(zhong)常會出現一(yi)(yi)些具(ju)體(ti)(ti)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際問(wen)題，鉗(qian)(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)根據(ju)不同問(wen)題采取相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施來解決。下面(mian)(mian)以在裝配中(zhong)配合(he)(he)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)角(jiao)度和(he)(he)(he)立(li)體(ti)(ti)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題為(wei)例(li)加(jia)(jia)以說明。鉗(qian)(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)：劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)針、劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)針盤、劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)規(gui)、中(zhong)心沖和(he)(he)(he)平(ping)板；黎削(xue)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)：手錘和(he)(he)(he)各(ge)種(zhong)鑒子(zi)；銼削(xue)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)：各(ge)種(zhong)錘刀；鋸(ju)割用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)：鋸(ju)弓和(he)(he)(he)鋸(ju)條，孔加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)：麻花(hua)鉆(zhan)、各(ge)種(zhong)锪鉆(zhan)和(he)(he)(he)鉸(jiao)刀；攻絲、套絲用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)：各(ge)種(zhong)絲錐、板牙和(he)(he)(he)絞(jiao)手；刮削(xue)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)：平(ping)面(mian)(mian)刮刀和(he)(he)(he)曲面(mian)(mian)刮刀、各(ge)種(zhong)扳手和(he)(he)(he)起子(zi)等。鉗(qian)(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)：鋼尺、刀口直尺，游標卡尺、千分(fen)尺、直角(jiao)尺、內外卡鉗(qian)(qian)、量角(jiao)器、厚薄規(gui)、百(bai)分(fen)表(biao)等。我(wo)們(men)知道(dao)，平(ping)面(mian)(mian)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與同機械(xie)投影圖樣相(xiang)似，所(suo)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，它是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)針、劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)規(gui)等劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)在金屬材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)作圖。劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)(he)立(li)體(ti)(ti)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)兩種(zhong)。平(ping)面(mian)(mian)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)需(xu)要(yao)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)兩個(ge)(ge)方向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條，立(li)體(ti)(ti)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)需(xu)要(yao)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)三(san)個(ge)(ge)方向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條。在實(shi)(shi)(shi)際操作中(zhong)，每劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)方向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條就有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)它對應(ying)，所(suo)以，平(ping)面(mian)(mian)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)要(yao)選(xuan)兩個(ge)(ge)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，立(li)體(ti)(ti)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)要(yao)選(xuan)三(san)個(ge)(ge)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。選(xuan)好劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)是(shi)(shi)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)正(zheng)確(que)(que)與否(fou)和(he)(he)(he)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)與否(fou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵，應(ying)該特(te)別引起重視。只有(you)(you)(you)(you)正(zheng)確(que)(que)選(xuan)擇劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，才能(neng)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)、。劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)要(yao)求(qiu)尺寸(cun)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)，線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條清(qing)晰，精度。劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依據(ju)，所(suo)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條要(yao)求(qiu)尺寸(cun)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)，線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條清(qing)晰。劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)除要(yao)求(qiu)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條清(qing)晰均(jun)勻外，的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)尺寸(cun)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)。在立(li)體(ti)(ti)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)還(huan)應(ying)注意使(shi)長(chang)、寬、高三(san)個(ge)(ge)方向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條互相(xiang)垂直。當劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)發生錯誤或不準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)時(shi)，都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)可(ke)能(neng)造成工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)報廢(fei)。怎樣選(xuan)擇好劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)呢?筒先，選(xuan)擇劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)要(yao)定(ding)好工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某個(ge)(ge)點、線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)或面(mian)(mian)，以此(ci)作為(wei)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依據(ju)，從而確(que)(que)定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)其(qi)它各(ge)部分(fen)尺寸(cun)、幾何形狀(zhuang)和(he)(he)(he)相(xiang)應(ying)位置，此(ci)所(suo)選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)點、線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)或面(mian)(mian)稱為(wei)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)與設計基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)一(yi)(yi)致。選(xuan)擇劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)時(shi)，需(xu)要(yao)把工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、設計要(yao)求(qiu)、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝及劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)等綜合(he)(he)進行分(fen)析，找出劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)放置基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。此(ci)外，還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)按照原件(jian)(jian)(jian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)物面(mian)(mian)進行模(mo)仿劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、配合(he)(he)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等方法。要(yao)根據(ju)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)選(xuan)擇適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)方法，使(shi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，符合(he)(he)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，達到裝配要(yao)求(qiu)。
