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焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)一(yi)(yi)般指(zhi)(zhi)物質(zhi)(zhi)碳化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)變(bian)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干餾中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)指(zhi)(zhi)高溫(wen)干餾。在(zai)(zai)石油(you)(you)(you)加(jia)工中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是渣油(you)(you)(you)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簡(jian)稱，是指(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)油(you)(you)(you)（如重(zhong)油(you)(you)(you)，減壓渣油(you)(you)(you)，裂(lie)(lie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)渣油(you)(you)(you)甚(shen)至土瀝(li)青等）在(zai)(zai)500℃左(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)條件下進行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裂(lie)(lie)解和(he)(he)縮(suo)合反應，產(chan)生氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)、汽油(you)(you)(you)、柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)、蠟油(you)(you)(you)和(he)(he)石油(you)(you)(you)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)主(zhu)要包括延遲焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、釜式焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、平爐(lu)(lu)(lu)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、流(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)靈活(huo)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等五種工藝過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。而焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)備是指(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)物質(zhi)(zhi)碳化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)變(bian)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)使用(yong)(yong)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些設(she)(she)(she)備，這類設(she)(she)(she)備材質(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)般分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)：鑄鐵。焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)備主(zhu)要分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)兩大類：臥式焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)產(chan)品(pin)和(he)(he)立式焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)產(chan)品(pin) 根(gen)據焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)本(ben)體(ti)和(he)(he)鼓(gu)冷(leng)系(xi)統流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)圖,從(cong)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荒煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進入(ru)(ru)之前,已(yi)被大量冷(leng)凝成液體(ti),同時,煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)夾(jia)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)塵(chen),焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)粉也(ye)被捕集(ji)下來,煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成分(fen)(fen)也(ye)溶入(ru)(ru)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you)(you)(you)、氨(an)(an)(an)(an)水(shui)(shui)(shui)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)粉塵(chen)和(he)(he)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you)(you)(you)渣一(yi)(yi)起流(liu)入(ru)(ru)機械化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you)(you)(you)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)離池。分(fen)(fen)離后(hou)(hou)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)水(shui)(shui)(shui)循環使用(yong)(yong),焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you)(you)(you)送(song)去(qu)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)工,焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you)(you)(you)渣可(ke)回配到煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)料中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)煉焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進入(ru)(ru)初(chu)冷(leng)器被直接冷(leng)卻或間(jian)接冷(leng)卻至常溫(wen),此時,殘(can)留在(zai)(zai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)和(he)(he)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you)(you)(you)被進一(yi)(yi)步除(chu)(chu)去(qu)。出初(chu)冷(leng)器后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經機械捕焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you)(you)(you)使懸(xuan)浮在(zai)(zai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you)(you)(you)霧通(tong)過(guo)機械的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法除(chu)(chu)去(qu),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)進入(ru)(ru)鼓(gu)風(feng)機被升壓至19600帕(2000毫米水(shui)(shui)(shui)柱)左(zuo)右。為(wei)(wei)了不(bu)影響以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)精制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作,例如硫(liu)銨帶(dai)色、脫硫(liu)液老化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等,使煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)過(guo)電捕焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you)(you)(you)器除(chu)(chu)去(qu)殘(can)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you)(you)(you)霧。為(wei)(wei)了防止(zhi)萘在(zai)(zai)溫(wen)度低(di)時從(cong)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)結晶析出,煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進入(ru)(ru)脫硫(liu)塔(ta)(ta)前設(she)(she)(she)洗萘塔(ta)(ta)用(yong)(yong)于洗油(you)(you)(you)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)萘。在(zai)(zai)脫硫(liu)塔(ta)(ta)內(nei)用(yong)(yong)脫硫(liu)劑吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氫,與(yu)此同時,煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氰(qing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氫也(ye)被吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)了。煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)則在(zai)(zai)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)塔(ta)(ta)內(nei)被水(shui)(shui)(shui)或水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶液吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)產(chan)生液氨(an)(an)(an)(an)或硫(liu)銨。煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經過(guo)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)塔(ta)(ta)時,由(you)于硫(liu)酸吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反應是放熱反應,煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度升高,為(wei)(wei)不(bu)影響粗苯(ben)(ben)回收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作,煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經終冷(leng)塔(ta)(ta)降溫(wen)后(hou)(hou)進入(ru)(ru)洗苯(ben)(ben)塔(ta)(ta)內(nei),用(yong)(yong)洗油(you)(you)(you)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苯(ben)(ben)、甲苯(ben)(ben)、二甲苯(ben)(ben)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)環戊(wu)二烯(xi)等低(di)沸點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炭化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氫化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)合物和(he)(he)苯(ben)(ben)乙烯(xi)、萘古馬隆等高沸點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質(zhi)(zhi),與(yu)次同時,硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)物也(ye)被除(chu)(chu)去(qu)了。
